Fig. 4

The SAPK/JNK pathway activation partially annulled AZM-mediated protective effect against OVA-induced asthma in mice. A: Western blot to determine p-SAPK/JNK and SAPK/JNK protein levels in lung tissues; B: HE staining to observe the pathological changes of lung tissues (Wat: airway wall thickness; Pbm: bronchial basement membrane perimeter; Wam: bronchial smooth muscle thickness; Wat/Pbm: bronchial wall thickness; Wam/Pbm: bronchial smooth muscle thickness); C: Assessment of bronchial epithelial fibrosis by Masson staining; D: Results of Diff-Quik staining for BALF (total inflammatory cell, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte and macrophage counts); E: Western blot to measure Collagen I and Collagen III in lung tissues; F: ELISA to determine inflammatory factor IL-6, TNF-α and IL-4 levels in BALF. n = 6. Data were expressed as mean ± SD and tested using independent sample t-test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01