Table 1 Characteristics of 9 included case reports

Waters et al. 1992 [5]

USA

Female, 51

Chest pain and palpitations

-

-

The myocardium and significant ST-T wave changes in the lateral leads

-

Male, 59

Chest discomfort and exertional dyspnea

Left anterior fascicular block

-

Left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic stenosis

The LMC artery originated from the right sinus of Valsalva

Barth III and Roberts 1986 [6]

USA

13, Female

No

-

-

Sudden death (Shortly after exertion)

-

-

14, Male

AP = angina pectom

Normal

-

Sudden death (Shortly after exertion)

-

-

19, Male

No

VPC = ventricular premature complexe, LAH = left antenor hemiblock

-

Sudden death (Dunng exertion)

-

-

64, Female

D = dyspnea

AMI = acute myocardial infarction, LBBB = left bundle branch block

CHF = congetive heart failure

Sudden death (CHF)

-

-

81, Male

No Information

-

Sudden death (Alcoholism)

-

-

Hussam Eddin T. Al Hennawi

[7]

Saudi Arabia

43, female

Cardiac arrest

Diffuse ST-segment elevation (STEMI) in the anterior and lateral leads, with reciprocal changes in the inferior leads

-

The patient recovered and was discharged for rehabilitation therapy.

-

The RCA with an initial failed attempt to engage into the LMCA

Pankaj Jariwala [8]

India

56, male

Chest discomfort

Normal

Chest discomfort on exertion for the last 3 months

CAD

Positive for inducible ischemia at low workload.

The origin of the left coronary artery was found to be from the right coronary sinus.

Frederick Chua [9]

USA

22, male

Syncopal episode

-

No prior cardiac history

-

Anomalous origin of the LMCA that originates from a comomon ostium with the RCA

Vinay Kukreti [10]

United Kingdom

14 females

Chest pain, shortness of breath and cyanosis

Bifascicular block (RBBB) and left posterior fascicular block) as well as significant ST changes suggestive of ischemia

One previous seizure like episode following intense physical exertion.

Sudden death

-

Anomalous origin of the LMCA from the right sinus of Valsalva

Biana Trost [11]

USA

37- male

Chest pain

Normal

In 6 months, the patient had experience stable angina pectoris

CABG

-

The LMCA originated from the RSoV

Douglas S. Moodie [12]

USA

17- male

Collapsed

Anterior infarction

-

CABG

-

Anomalous left coronary artery arising from the RSoV and directed between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

71- male

Shortness of breath, but no history of chest pain

Left anterior hemiblock with left atrial enlargement

Difficulty breathing and had an episode of syncope that lasted for 30 s

CAD

-

The LMCA originated anomalously from the right coronary sinus and passed between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

57- male

Chest pain

-

Chest pain and episode of syncope while running

CAD

Positive

Anomalous origin of the LMCA and 70% narrowing of the right coronary artery

Anish Hirachan [13]

Egypt

49- male

chest pain

ST depression in inferolateral leads

-

CAD

-

Common origin of both the right main coronary artery and LMCA arising from RSoV with obstructive disease in middle segment of right coronary artery