Table 1 Baseline patient profiles
Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
Mean age, years ± SD (Range) | 54.5 ± 14.2 (18–74) |
Male, n (%) | 76 (62) |
Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m²) | |
Mean ± SD | 21.88 ± 3.02 |
Range | 14.2–30.08 |
Normal BMI | 86 (70.5%) |
Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 16 (13.1%) |
Overweight (BMI 25-29.99) | 19 (15.6%) |
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) | 1 (0.8%) |
Preoperative Risk Factors | |
Hypertension | 23 (18.9%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 8 (6.6%) |
History of cerebrovascular accident | 3 (2.5%) |
Chronic kidney disease (Stage 2) | 18 (14.8%) |
Coronary artery disease (Stented) | 6 (4.9%) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 (2.5%) |
Tuberculosis (Pulmonary/pleural) | 2 (1.6%) |
Connective tissue disease | 1 (0.8%) |
NYHA Classification | |
NYHA I | 2 (1.6%) |
NYHA II | 43 (35.2%) |
NYHA III | 70 (57.4%) |
NYHA IV | 7 (5.7%) |
Preoperative Echocardiographic Data | |
Left atrial size (mm) | 42.0 ± 7.4 |
Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 57.2 ± 6.6 |
Left ventricular end-systolic diameter (mm) | 34.1 ± 6.8 |
Ejection fraction (%) | 69.7 ± 9.9 |
Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (mmHg) | 41.0 ± 12.7 |
Mitral valve disease | |
Degenerative | 109 (89%) |
Infective endocarditis | 13 (11%) |
Complexity of Lesions | |
Simple (one leaflet segment) | 88 (72%) |
Complex (two segments on one leaflet) | 14 (12%) |
Highly complex (bileaflet repair, multiple complex techniques) | 20 (16%) |
EuroSCORE II (%) | |
Mean ± SD | 1.53 ± 1.30 |
Range | 0.56–9.50 |
Low risk (< 2) | 16 (13.1%) |
Medium risk (2–5) | 91 (74.6%) |
High risk (> 5) | 15 (12.3%) |