Table 1 Patient characteristics

Age (years, mean ± SD)

72.8 ± 6.4

Sex (male)

6

Comorbidity (yes)

 Hypertension

2

 Diabetes mellitus

1

Neoadjuvant therapy (yes)

 Chemotherapy

1

 Chemoradiotherapy

1

Surgery side

 Left

5

 Right

1

Surgery duration (minutes, mean ± SD)

256.7 ± 40.6

Histology

 Adenocarcinoma

2

 Squamous cell carcinoma

4

Tumor size (cm, mean ± SD)

6.2 ± 1.1

Nodal status

 N1

2

 N2

1

Postoperative complication (yes)

 Cardiac arrhythmia

1

 Pneumonia

1

Drainage duration (days, mean ± SD)

2.5 ± 1.1

Hospital stays (days, mean ± SD)

6.3 ± 2.1