Table 3 An overview of research that has explored the prevalence of PE and its relationship with outcomes in COVID-19-positive patients

1. Bucher et al. [51]

Multicenter, retrospective study in Germany with 1197 patients

13.3%

The presence of PE is a predictive factor for 30-day mortality, more density of involvement, and the need for ICU admission in males; no significant role in female patients

2. Adams et al. [73]

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 3,466 patients, 28 studies

2.7%

PE is an atypical finding in COVID-19 patient’s chest CT scans

3. Zhu et al. [74]

A retrospective meta-analysis was conducted with 4121 patients, including 34 studies and 2738 patients

0%

PE was an atypical incidence in COVID patients. No correlation was identified between PE and the outcome of COVID

4. Bao et al. [75]

Systematic review and meta-analysis on 13 studies

4.55%

It was an atypical incidence in COVID-19 patients. No correlation was identified between PE and the outcome of COVID

5. Eslami et al. [76]

Prospective cohort with 87 patients

–

The presence or absence of PE has no predictive role in the survival and outcome of COVID-19-positive patients

6. Abkooh et al. [77]

Retrospective cohort study of 129 COVID-positive patients

13%

PE was a strong independent predictor of survival and short-term mortality

7. Kermani-Alghoraishi et al. [16]

A case-report-based systematic literature review on moderate to severe PEs. And they are reporting a severe tamponade due to COVID-19

–

COVID-19 virus was found in PE fluid. Emergency percutaneous pericardiocentesis often showed exudative patterns: hemorrhagic, serous, and serosanguinous